Yes, we have state standards in music! :)

Each grade level has its own goals to achieve by the end of the year in the four main areas of Creating, Performing, Responding, and Connecting. The standards look to use music education to help students address these 11 essential fine-arts questions:

1. How do musicians generate creative ideas?
2. How do musicians make creative decisions?
3. How do musicians improve the quality of their creative work?  When is creative work ready to share? 
4. How do performers select repertoire? How does understanding the structure and context of musical works inform performance? How do performers interpret musical works?
5. How do musicians improve the quality of their performance?
6. When is a performance judged ready to present? How do context and the manner in which musical work is presented influence audience response? 
7. How do individuals choose music to experience? How does understanding the structure and context of music inform a response? 
8. How do we discern the musical creators’ and performers’ expressive intent?
9. How do we judge the quality of musical work(s) and performance(s)? 
10. How do musicians make meaningful connections to creating, performing, and responding?
11. How do the other arts, other disciplines, contexts, and daily life inform creating, performing, and responding to music? 

For a breakdown into what exactly each music state standard is for each grade level, please refer to this document, straight from the Arizona Department of Education.